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		<title>UGN Security: Terminology Listing</title>
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			<title>Unix</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/75/unix.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Unix is a family of operating systems, which include over a hundred flavors such as HP-UX, IRIX, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris and Tru64.

As a registered trademark, its owner is The Open Group.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 May 2016 12:44:21 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>OS</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/74/os.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[An Operating System (OS) is a program that allows you to interact with the computer -- all of the software and hardware on your computer.

Basically, there are two ways:
1. With a command-line operating system (e.g., DOS), you type a text command and the computer responds according to that command.
2. With a graphical user interface (GUI) operating system (e.g., Windows), you interact with the computer through a graphical interface with pictures and buttons by using the mouse and keyboard.
&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 May 2016 12:43:38 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>Linux Distribution</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/73/linux-distribution.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Unix is not a single operating system. It is in fact a general name given to dozens of operating systems by different companies, organizations, or groups of individuals. These variants of Unix are referred to as &quot;flavors&quot;. Although based on the same core set of Unix commands, different flavors can have their own unique commands and features, and may be designed to work with different types of hardware. Linux is often considered a Unix flavor.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 May 2016 13:33:42 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>Linux</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/72/linux.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[* Linux is the kernel of an operating system.
* Linux was built on the Unix tradition.
* Linux was originally developed by Linus Torwalds of Finland, who currently owns the Linux trademark.
* Linux stands for Linus' Unix.
* Using the open source code of the Linux kernel, people have been developing operating systems based on the Linux kernel. These are called the &quot;Linux distributions&quot;.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 May 2016 13:30:31 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>GUI</title>
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			<description><![CDATA[GUI (Graphical User Interface), where the user clicks on a visual screen that has icons, windows and menus, by using a pointing device, such as a mouse. GUI is pronounced like &quot;gooey&quot;.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 May 2016 13:30:43 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>Foreground Process</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/70/foreground-process.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[A foreground process is different from a background process in two ways:
1. Some foreground processes show the user an interface, through which the user can interact with the program.
2. The user must wait for one foreground process to complete before running another one.

To start a foreground process, enter a command at the prompt, e.g.,

$ command1

The next prompt will not appear until command1 finishes running.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 May 2016 13:30:57 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>Linux Flavor</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/69/linux-flavor.html</link>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 May 2016 13:32:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>CLI</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/68/cli.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[CLI (Command Line Interface), where the user types a text command and the computer responds according to that command.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 May 2016 12:34:12 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>Background Process</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/67/background-process.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Unlike with a foreground process, the shell does not have to wait for a background process to end before it can run more processes.

Within the limit of the amount of memory available, you can enter many background commands one after another. To run a command as a background process, type the command and add a space and an ampersand to the end of the command. For example:

$ command1 &amp;

Immediately after entering the above command, the shell will execute the command. While that is runn&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 May 2016 12:32:05 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>Xvid</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/66/xvid.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[It uses ASP features such as b-frames, global and quarter pixel motion compensation, lumi masking, trellis quantization, and H.263, MPEG and custom quantization matrices.

Xvid is a primary competitor of the DivX Pro Codec (Xvid being DivX spelled backwards).

In contrast with the DivX codec, which is proprietary software developed by DivX, Inc., Xvid is free software distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.

This also means that unlike the DivX codec, which is only a&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>WV</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/65/wv.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[WavPack compression (.WV files) can compress (and restore) 8-, 16-, 24-, and 32-bit floating point audio files in the .WAV file format. It also supports surround sound streams and high frequency sampling rates.

Like other lossless compression schemes, the data reduction rate varies with the source, but it is generally between 30% and 70% for typical popular music and somewhat better than that for classical music and other sources with greater dynamic range.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>WMV</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/64/wmv.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[The original video format, known as WMV, was originally designed for Internet streaming applications, as a competitor to RealVideo.

The other formats, such as WMV Screen and WMV Image, cater for specialized content.

Through standardization from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), WMV 9 has gained adoption for physical-delivery formats such as HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>WMA</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/63/wma.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[The name can be used to refer to its audio file format or its audio codecs. It is a proprietary technology that forms part of the Windows Media framework.

WMA consists of four distinct codecs. The original WMA codec, known simply as WMA, was conceived as a competitor to the popular MP3 and RealAudio codecs.

WMA Pro, a newer and more advanced codec, supports multichannel and high resolution audio.

A lossless codec, WMA Lossless, compresses audio data without loss of audio fidelity. And W&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>WAV</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/62/wav.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[It is an application of the RIFF bitstream format method for storing data in &quot;chunks&quot;, and thus is also close to the 8SVX and the AIFF format used on Amiga and Macintosh computers, respectively.

It is the main format used on Windows systems for raw and typically uncompressed audio.

The usual bitstream encoding is the Linear Pulse Code Modulation (LPCM) format.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>DVD-VR</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/61/dvd-vr.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[As opposed to media recorded with the DVD+VR recording standard, the resulting media are not DVD-Video compliant, and will not play back in some DVD-Video players.

Most DVD video recorders in the market that support DVD-R, DVD-RW, or DVD-RAM media will allow recording to these media in DVD-VR mode, as well as in a DVD-Video compliant mode.

It is possible to use the DVD-VR format with DVD+R and DVD+RW media, but no examples are known other than some PC based recording utilities.

The stan&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>VOB</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/59/vob.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[VOB can contain video, audio, subtitle and menu contents multiplexed together into a stream form. VOB is based on the MPEG program stream format, but with additional limitations and specifications in the private streams.

The MPEG program stream has provisions for non-standard data (as used in VOB files) in the form of so-called private streams. VOB files are a very strict subset of the MPEG program stream standard. While all VOB files are MPEG program streams, not all MPEG program streams com&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>VCD</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/58/vcd.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[VCDs are playable in dedicated VCD players, most DVD-Video players, personal computers, and some video game consoles.

The VCD standard was created in 1993 by Sony, Philips, Matsushita, and JVC and is referred to as the White Book standard.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>TTA</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/57/tta.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[True Audio (abbreviated TTA) is a free, real-time lossless audio codec, based on adaptive prognostic filters. Also, .tta is the generic extension to filenames of audio files created by True Audio codec.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>SVCD</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/56/svcd.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[SVCD was intended as a successor to Video CD and an alternative to DVD-Video, and falls somewhere between both in terms of technical capability and picture quality.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>SND</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/55/snd.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Data stored in such files are commands for the Macintosh Sound Manager including wavetable instruments and sound samples. Thus it is some kind of improved midi format. As well it can serve as a pure audio file format if only one command and one sound sample is stored in it.

Many other programs use audio files with the ending .snd.

Most likely it can be confused with the au file format used in operation systems from sun which sometimes also uses the extension .snd. Both data types differ in&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>SHN</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/54/shn.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[It is a form of data compression of files and is used to losslessly compress CD-quality audio files (44.1 kHz 16-bit stereo PCM).

Shorten is no longer developed and more mature lossless audio codecs such as FLAC, MPEG-4 ALS, Monkey's Audio (APE), TTA, and WavPack (WV) have become more popular.

However, Shorten remains a common format due to the large number of legally-traded concert recordings in circulation that are encoded as Shorten files.

Being lossless, these files can be transcode&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>SD2</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/53/sd2.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[It is the successor to the original monophonic Sound Designer I audio file format.

An SDII file can be monophonic or stereophonic. When stereo is used, the tracks are interleaved (sample-001-left, sample-001-right, sample-002-left, sample-002-right, etc.) Files also store sample rate and bit depth information.

The SDII file has become a widely accepted standard for transferring audio files between editing applications. Most Mac CD-ROM writer software, for example, specifies SDII or Audio I&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>RM</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/51/rm.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Its extension is &quot;.rm&quot;. It is typically used in conjunction with RealVideo and RealAudio and is used for streaming content over the Internet.

Typically these streams are in CBR (constant bitrate).

Recently, RealNetworks has developed a new container for VBR (variable bitrate) streams, named RMVB (RealMedia variable bitrate).

Support of RealMedia is available in a wide variety of multimedia players for different architectures/platforms, including RealPlayer and the Real Alterna&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>RA</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/50/ra.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[It uses a variety of audio codecs, ranging from low-bitrate formats that can be used over dialup modems, to high-fidelity formats for music.

It can also be used as a streaming audio format, that is played at the same time as it is downloaded. In the past, many internet radio stations used RealAudio to stream their programming over the internet in real time.

In recent years, however, the format has become less common and has given way to more popular audio formats. It is used heavily by the&hellip;]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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			<title>PVA</title>
			<link>https://undergroundnews.com/terminology/view/49/pva.html</link>
			<description><![CDATA[PVA files are recordings from Hauppauge DVB Software.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:26:28 PDT</pubDate>
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